19th-Century Tourism to Fort Ticonderoga
A Fort Ticonderoga Research Bibliography
Current: January 10, 2001
These works in the Fort Ticonderoga research collections in
the Thompson-Pell Research Center may be studied by appointment on weekdays. The
library collections do not circulate. The condition of certain volumes may
prohibit photocopying.
Most of the unique manuscripts in the Fort Ticonderoga
collections have been reprinted in The Bulletin of the Fort Ticonderoga
Museum, published since 1927. The Bulletin may be found in
state historical society libraries in the Northeast and in major university
libraries. Some back issues are still available.
As a private, not-for-profit educational institution, Fort
Ticonderoga welcomes contributions to support the expansion of its research
collections and services.
Interpretive Essays on Tourism 
Malcolm Andrews, The Search for the Picturesque Landscape:
Aesthetics and Tourism in Britain, 1760-1800, Stanford, California, Stanford
University Press, 1989.
Barbara M. Benedict, "The ‘Curious Attitude’ in
Eighteenth-Century Britain: Observing and Owning," Eighteenth-Century
Life, vol. 14 no. 3 (November 1990), pp. 59-98.
Dona Brown, Inventing New England: Regional Tourism in the
Nineteenth Century, Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995. [FTA].
Edmund Burke, Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of Our
Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful, 1757.
Barbara G. Carson, "Early American Tourists and the
Commercialization of Leisure," Of Consuming Interests: The Style of Life
in the Eighteenth Century, Cary Carson, Ronald Hoffman, and Peter Albert,
eds., Charlottesville, Virginia, University of Virginia Press, 1994.
Stephen Copley and Peter Garside, eds., The Politics of the Picturesque:
Literature, Landscape and Aesthetics Since 1770, Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press, 1994. See esp. Michael Charlesworth, "The Ruined Abbey:
Picturesque and Gothic Values," pp. 62-80.
R.W. Frantz, The English Traveller and the Movement of
Ideas, 1660-1732, Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 1967.
Roger Haydon, ed., Upstate Travels: British Views of
Nineteenth-century New York, Syracuse, N.Y., Syracuse University Press,
1982.
Arthur Humphreys, "The Arts in Eighteenth-century
Britain: Landscape and Touring," 18th-Century Britain: The Cambridge
Cultural History, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 42-46.
Janice B. Knowles, Luxury Hotels in American Cities,
1810-1860, University of Pennsylvania PhD dissertation, 1972.
Jane Mesick, The English Traveller in America, New
York, Columbia University Press, 1922.
Edward J. Nygren, ed., Views and Visions: American
Landscape Before 1830, Washington, D.C., Corcoran Gallery of Art, 1986.
Kenneth Myers, The Catskills: Painters, Writers, and
Tourists in the Mountains, 1820-1895, Yonkers, N.Y., Hudson River Museum,
1987.
Ian Ousby, The Englishman’s England: Taste, Travel, and
the Rise of Tourism, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1990.
18th-century travel to literary landmarks and picturesque ruins.
Simon Schama, Landscape and Memory, New York, Alfred
A. Knopf, 1995. See especially Chapter 8: "Vertical Empires, Cerebral
Chasms," pp. 466-475.
John Sears, Sacred Spaces: American Tourist Attractions in
the Nineteenth Century, New York, Oxford University Press, 1989.
Jennie Versteeg, "Not Your Ordinary Sleigh Ride: Two
Early-Nineteenth-Century Winter Travelers on Lake Champlain," Vermont
History, vol. 63 no. 1 (Winter 1995), pp. 5-14. Concerning Hugh Gray (1808)
and Francis Hall (1816).
Raymond Williams, The Country and the City, New York,
Oxford University Press, 1973. Discusses "conspicuous aesthetic
consumption" in the 18th century, pp. 121, 128.
Travel
Canals: William
Strickland, Journal of a Tour in the United States of America, 1794-1795,
ed. Rev. J.E. Strickland, New York, New-York Historical Society, 1971, p. 157.
Arthur Cohn and Marshall True, "The Wreck of the ‘General
Butler’ and the Mystery of Lake Champlain’s Sailing Canal Boats," Vermont
History, vol. 60 no. 1 (winter 1992), pp. 29-45. See esp. p. 32.
Russell P. Bellico, Sails and Steam in the Mountains: A
Maritime and Military History of Lake George and Lake Champlain,
Fleischmanns, New York, Purple Mountain Press, 1992, pp. 236-255. [FTA].
Steamboats: Russell P. Bellico, Sails and Steam in
the Mountains: A Maritime and Military History of Lake George and Lake Champlain,
Fleischmanns, New York, Purple Mountain Press, 1992, pp. 256-288. [FTA].
Ogden Ross, The Steamboats of Lake Champlain, Queechee,
Vermont, Vermont Heritage Press, 1997. [FTA]
Railroads: Jim Shaughnessy, Delaware & Hudson,
Berkeley, California, Howell-North Books, 1967, esp. pp. 139-147, 169-177,
231-247.
Primary Accounts
1765 Newton W. Mereness, ed., Travels in the American Colonies
(1916), reprinted New York, Antiquarian
Press, Ltd., 1961, pp. 367-453. (Copy in FTA research files). Visit of Lord Adam
Gordon. "The works are ruinous . . . all of Wood and some bad
Casemates." Describes French Lines, Grenadiers’ Battery, sawmills,
LaChute bridge. See esp. pp. 444-445.
1783 Elizabeth Cometti, ed., Seeing America and Its
Great Men: The Journal and Letters of Count Francesco dal Verme, 1783-1784,
Charlottesville, University of Virginia Press, pp. 13-14. (Copy in FTA research
files). Accompanied George Washington on his visit to Ticonderoga, 23 July 1783.
Notes French Lines, rattlesnake, sheep brought along for food but killed by a
bear.
1785 Antonio Pace, ed., Luigi Castiglioni’s
Viaggio:
Travels in the United States of America, 1785-1787, Syracuse, Syracuse
University Press, 1983, pp. 47, 70-71, 85. [FTA] Italian botanist visits in
August 1785. Gooseberries in the vicinity. Notes ruins of Mount Independence.
1785 Douglas S. Robertson, ed., An Englishman in
America, 1785, being the Diary of Joseph Hadfield, Toronto, Hunter-Rose Co.,
Ltd., 1933, pp. 31-32, 168-169. French lines "visible"; "Fort and
other buildings in ruins."
1791 J. Robert Maguire, ed., The Tour to the Northern
Lakes of James Madison and Thomas Jefferson in 1791, Ticonderoga, Fort
Ticonderoga, 1995. Facsimile edition of the journals of the two visitors.
1793 Charles Balthasar Julien Févret de
Saint-Mémin,
"Vue de Ticonderoga sur le Lac Champlain," c. 1793. Collection
of the Corcoran Gallery. The unpublished diary of Saint-Mémin’s father on
this journey from Montréal to New York City is in the Edward E. Ayer
Collection, Newberry Library, Chicago. During the journey up Lake Champlain, the
pair encountered John Jacob Astor. See Ellen G. Miles, Saint-Mémin and the
Neo-classical Profile Portrait in America, Washington, Smithsonian
Institution Press, 1994, fig. 1.9 and p. 217.
1795 Isaac Weld, Jr., Travels Through the States of
North America and the Provinces of . . . Canada During . . . 1795, 1796, and
1797, London, John Stockdale, 1800, vol. I, Letter XXI, pp. 288-302. [FTA
#2815-2816]. Describes the large tavern built of stone at Ticonderoga.
1796 Moses Guest, Poems on Several Occasions to which
are Annexed Extracts from a Journal . . . during a Journey from New-Brunswick,
in New Jersey to Montreal and Quebec, Cincinnati, Looker & Reynolds,
1824, p. 125. Includes a story of a "shotgun marriage" performed by
Judge Kirby. [FTA #2275].
1800 Abigail May (1775-1800), ms journal. Transcript in
Saratoga County Historical Society collections. Ms. journal and letters of this
Connecticut woman transcribed by her sister in 1801; the collections of the New
York State Historical Association; 1957 gift of Margaret Roys. See also Sandra
McClellan, "The Journey of Abigail May," Adirondack Life,
July-August 1992, pp. 72-84. See Thomas A. Chambers, "A Good Mind, Well
Stored": Medicine, Society, Literature, and Sensibility in the Journal of
Abigail May, 1800, unpub. M.A. thesis, College of William and Mary, 1994.
(Copy in FTA research files).
1802 Rev. Timothy Dwight, Travels through New York and
New England, London, W. Barnes and Son, 1823, vol. 3, pp. 324-325, 381-382.
[FTA #2796]. Dwight visits in 1802. First edition published in 1821 in Hartford.
1805 Elkanah Watson, "Journal of remarks from
Albany to Lake Champlain, Augt 1805," ms diary in New York
State Library, Elkanah Watson Papers, Box 3, Journal E, pp. 63-93. For 23-24
August 1805 stay at Fort Ticonderoga, pp. 70-76. See also Winslow C. Watson, Men
and Times of the Revolution, or Memoirs of Elkanah Watson, 2nd ed., 1968
reprint edition, pp. 406-407. On Watson, see Jared van Wagenen, Jr., "Elkanah
Watson," New York History, vol. (1932), pp. 404-412. For an engraved
portrait of Watson, see New York History, vol. XIX no. 1 (January 1938),
p. 35. [FTA].
1806 John Lambert, Travels Through Canada, and the
United States of North America in the years 1806, 1807 & 1808, London,
C. Cradock and W. Joy, 1814. 2 vols. [FTA #2052-2053].
1810 Priscilla Wakefield, Excursions in North America:
described in letters from a gentleman and his young companion to their friends
in England, London, Darton, Harvey and Darton, 1810, p. 268. Stays at Mrs.
Hays’ inn; ruins on top of the rising ground in such a state of decay as to be
of no use. [FTA research file.]
1816 Lieut. Francis Hall, Travels in Canada and the
United States in 1816 and 1817, London, Longman, Hurst, 1818, Chapter VIII,
pp. 42, 48-49. [FTA #2829]. Passes Ticonderoga ruins in winter by sleigh from
Whitehall.
1816 William Dunlap, Diary of William Dunlap
(1766-1839): The Memoirs of a Dramatist, New-York Historical Society, 1931,
pp. xxii-xxvi. [FTA #4589]. Watercolor of Fort ruins by Dunlap is in the Addison
Gallery.
1816 Msr. Joseph-Octave Plessis, évêque de Québec, Journal
des visites pastorales de 1815 et 1816, Québec, Impr. Franciscaine
Missionaire, 1903, pp. 167-168. Records a September visit.
1818 The Analectic Magazine, Philadelphia; Hugh
Reinagle’s frontispiece for April 1818 issue. Accompanies essay on pp.
323-325. Another view by Reinagle, "Fort Ticonderoga on Lake
Champlain" appeared as frontispiece in The Port-Folio
(Philadelphia), September 1818, with article on p. 222. The Port Folio
view by Reinagle, "Fort Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain," was reissued
in The Ariel, vol. II no. 7 (26 July 1828), p.1. We believe that Reinagle
visited Lake Champlain in 1815 in order to produce the painting of Macdonough’s
Victory on Lake Champlain.
1819 Benjamin Silliman, Remarks made on a Short Tour
Between Hartford and Quebec in the Autumn of 1819, 2nd edition, New Haven,
S. Converse, 1824, pp. 167-169 (passing by the Fort on the steamboat), 195-205
(visiting with S.F.B. Morse in 1821). [FTA #3501]. [First edition of 1820 is FTA
#2826].
William Guy Wall, The Hudson River Portfolio,
Megary & Gilley, 1821-1825.
1820 Adam Hodgson, Letters from North America,
London, 1824, vol. I, pp. 389-390. [FTA # 2799]. By steamboat from Burlington to
Ticonderoga on 2 September 1820 "till two o’clock in the morning, when we
arrived at Ticonderoga. I sat in the kitchen until five o’clock when we
breakfasted. . . . I visited the fort at Ticonderoga and the various points in
the neighbourhood. . .and reached my inn, at three o’clock, very much tired
and ready for dinner. The inn was a small country tavern; but as usual in
America, not destitute of books. Among others, I found Doddridge’s Rise and
Progress; other religious books; and the Poems of Young and Walter Scott. At
five o’clock the steamboat returned from Whitehall and set us down at
Burlington."
1823 [Alfred L. Matthews], A Summer Month; or
Reflections of a Visit to the Falls of Niagara, and the Lakes, Philadelphia,
H.C. Carey & I. Lea, 1823. vii, 248 pp. Offered by Ximenes Rare Books, 9/99,
for £275.
1824 Edward Stanley, Journal of a Tour in America,
1824-1825, Edinburgh, R. & R. Clark, 1930.
1825 Alexander Bliss, "A Visit to Ticonderoga July
19, 1825," in The Bulletin of the Fort Ticonderoga Museum, vol. VIII
no. 4 (summer 1949), pp. 160-162. Ms in the collections of the American
Antiquarian Society.
1825 Theodore Dwight, Jr., The Northern Traveller;
Containing the Routes to the Springs, Niagara, Quebec. . . , New York, John
Haven. First ed., 1825, pp. 168-174 discuss the Fort and outworks. Sixth ed.,
1841, pp. 102-103 discusses the garden; pp. 88 and 99 discusses The Pavilion. [FTA copies are
1825/#2755; 1828/third ed. #2759; 1830/fifth
ed.; 1834/#2758; 1841/sixth ed. #2757]. Engraved view of the Fort
from Mount Independence by O.H. Throop, 1826.
1826 Vermont Gazette, Montpelier, 15 August 1826.
[Dr. Gary Milan collection.]
1826 Thomas Cole, Gelyna, View Near Ticonderoga. [FTA].
See Thomas Cole: Landscape into History, William H. Truettner and Alan
Wallach, eds., Washington, D.C., National Museum of American Art, 1994, pp.
79-80, 177. Illustrated as pl. 95, p. 80.
1827 "Ticonderoga (A Sentimental Verse)," The
Atlantic Souvenir: A Christmas & New Year’s Offering, Philadelphia,
Carey & Lea, 1828, p. 370. View of the Fort by W.G. Wall; engr. by Peter
Maverick. [FTA #2257 and #2258]. Poem reprinted in The Bulletin of the Fort
Ticonderoga Museum, vol. IV no. 1 (January 1936), pp. 17-18.
1827 Mrs. Basil Hall [Margaret Hunter], The
Aristocratic Journey; Being the Outspoken Letters of Mrs. Basil Hall Written
During a Fourteen Months’ Sojourn in America, 1827-1828, Una
Pope-Hennessey, ed., New York, G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1931, pp. 58-59. [FTA
Research Files]. Visits Fort Ticonderoga in September 1827.
1828 Hugh Reinagle, "Fort Ticonderoga on Lake
Champlain," The Ariel, vol. II no. 7 (26 July 1828), p. 1. [FTA].
Includes article on Ethan Allen’s capture of the Fort derived from Allen’s Narrative.
Uses the same plate as Reinagle’s view in The Port Folio, September
1818.
1828-29 J. Milbert, Picturesque Itinerary of the
Hudson River, Constance D. Sherman, trans., Ridgewood, N.J., Gregg Press,
1968. [FTA]. Fort Ticonderoga, pp. 73-77.
1829 M. Bourgeois, Tournée … la Mode dans les
États-Unis, Paris, Arthus Bertrand Libraire, 1829, pp. 109-110. [FTA
#2780].
1829 [Theodore Dwight (1796-1866)], Sketches of
Scenery and Manners in the United States by the author of the Northern Traveller,
New York, A.T. Goodrich, 1829. [FTA #2781]. Frontispiece is Reinagle’s View
of the Ruins of Ticonderoga Forts on Lake Champlain (from April 1818 Port-Folio).
Chapter on "New Species of Travellers" (p. 81ff). Chapter on
"Relics of the Revolution" (p. 89) including role of pensioners as
interpreters of sites.
1830 "Gelyna: A Tale of Albany and Ticonderoga"
from The Talisman for MDCCCXXX, New York, Elam Bliss, 1830, pp. 302ff, in The Bulletin of the Fort Ticonderoga Museum, vol. viii, no. 5 (Winter
1950), pp. 179-189. There follows a poem by [William Cullen Bryant], "To
Cole the Painter on His Departure for Europe." Cole’s painting,
"View near Ticonderoga," engraved by Francis Kearney, and published on
p. 302 in The Talisman, is in the Fort Ticonderoga collections.
Reproduced as an unattributed woodcut, "View Near Ticonderoga," in
George Davidson’s The Traveller’s Guide through the Middle and Northern
States, Saratoga, 1833, opp. p. 190.
1830 "Plans & Descriptions of Gates’s Camp,
Ticonderoga, Crown Point, St. John’s, And other Places. Drawn & described
in the year 1830, by Jared Sparks. These plans were sketched by me while
examining the various locations in 1830." Photocopy of originals in Harvard
Library. Copy in FTA research files.
1830 Gideon M. Davison, The Fashionable Tour: A Guide
to Travellers Visiting the Middle and Northern States, 4th ed.,
Saratoga Springs, G.M. Davison and G. & C. & H. Carvill, 1830, pp.
196-198.
1831 Isaac Burnett to Rev. Jared Sparks, 12 March 1831.
Detailed interpretation of surviving features on the landscape. Photocopy of
letter and maps, with typed transcript in Fort Ticonderoga Scrapbook,
vol. IV, circa p. 173ff. Includes location of "Pell’s."
1832 "Ticonderoga," The Monthly Repository
and Library of Entertaining Knowledge, vol. III no. 5 (October 1832), p.
147. [FTA #P-2075; another is FTA #2267]. Text based on Silliman’s 1819 tour.
1832 Edward Thomas Cole, A Subaltern’s Furlough:
Descriptive Scenes in Various Parts of the United States, Upper and Lower
Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia during the Summer and Autumn of 1832,
London, Saunders and Otley, 1832. [Photocopy in Fort Ticonderoga research
files.] Passes "the classical spot of Ticonderoga, the scene of so much
bloodshed" at daybreak by steamboat, enroute from Sorel to Whitehall, with
no further comment. [Probably not awake!]
1833 James Stuart, Three Years in North America,
vol. I, Edinburgh, Robert Caddell, 1833, pp. 167-170. [FTA #2810]. Mentions King’s
Garden (p. 170).
1833 The Traveller’s Guide: through the Middle and
Northern States, 5th ed., Saratoga Springs, G.M. Davison, pp. 190-192.
[Adirondack Museum collection]. A seventh edition in 1837.
c.1835 The North American Tourist, New York, A.T.
Goodrich, n.d., pp. 142-151. [Adirondack Museum collection].
1836 [Nathaniel Hawthorne], "Old Ticonderoga: A
Picture of the Past," American Monthly Magazine, vol. I [February
1836], pp. 138-142, without woodcut. [FTA # 861 and # 862; two copies].
Reprinted as "Old Ticonderoga: A Picture of the Past," The Family
Magazine, May 1836, pp. 414-416, including "Reinagle 1818b"
woodcut of ruins [FTA] and as "A Visit to Ticonderoga 100 Years Ago," The
Bulletin of the Fort Ticonderoga Museum, vol. IV no. 1 (January 1936), pp.
12-17. (Anthologized in Hawthorne’s Snow-Image and Other Twice-Told Tales,
1851, as "Old Ticonderoga: A Picture of the Past," pp. 221-227. [FTA
#2347] (For related material, see Hawthorne’s "Old News" essays,
including a piece on the "Old French War.")
On Hawthorne, his short stories, and his magazine editing,
see James R. Mellow, Nathaniel Hawthorne in His Times, Boston, Houghton,
Mifflin Co., 1980, pp. 70-80.
1837 Samuel Weller, "Journal of a Summer at Lake
George." June-August, 1837. Visit to Ticonderoga on 2 August 1837, p. 208.
Henry E. Huntington Library #HM 28919. [Transcript in Fort Ticonderoga research
files.]
1839/40 Archibald Pell dies at
Ticonderoga, 19 April 1839 and is buried there. SHPP’s Short
History is in error in saying AP died in 1838.
William Ferris Pell (father) dies at XXX, 1840 and is buried in Eastchester.
BFTM, vol IV no. 2
(July 1936), pp. 26-27.
1839 "1839. Lake George Packet." Advertisement
in the Vergennes Vermonter, 15 May 1839. Microfilm. Bixby Library,
Vergennes. Connecting with the "Lake Champlain Steam Packets at Fort
Ticonderoga, from the splendid Mansion House of Wm. F. Pell, Esq. near the Fort,
which is now converted into a Public House. A good Wharf has also recently been
erected at the point of the old Fort, where passengers are landed from and taken
on taken on board of the Lake Champlain Steam Boats." "Thus, by this
new Landing Place at Fort Ticonderoga, together with the establishment of the
beautiful summer retreat of Mr. Pell, as a place of entertainment---the long
desired arrangement for comfortable and genteel accommodation is complete. . .
." [Copy in Fort Ticonderoga research files.]
1840 "Lake George Steam Boat Association, Articles
of Agreement with A.W. Hyde & Others," October 15, 1840. In Clark/Field
Family Papers, 1-12, University of Vermont, Special Collections. [Copy in Fort
Ticonderoga research files.] re negotiations for steamboat wharf rights
at Ticonderoga with Duncan Campbell Pell.
1841 "Lake George Steam Packet, Wm. Caldwell,"
advertisement in Saratoga Whig, 8 June 1841, p. 3, col. 4. Saratoga
Public Library. [FTA research files]. "The Boat will remain at Ticonderoga
three hours, giving to parties who wish to return, time to visit the ruins of
the Old Fort, and Dine, and leave again for Caldwell, at 2 o’clock the same
day."
1842 Francis Parkman, The Journals of Francis Parkman,
Mason Wade, ed., New York, Harper & Bros., 1947, vol. I, pp. 60-61. 26 July
1842. [FTA].
1844 "Steam Packet Wm. Caldwell, Lake
George," broadside, Vergennes, Vermont, Blaisdell Print, 1 May 1844.
Reproduced in Jim Shaughnessy, Delaware & Hudson, Berkeley,
California, Howell-North Books, 1967, p. 242, from the original in the Delaware
& Hudson Archives.
1844 Orville L. Holley, ed., The Picturesque Tourist:
Being A Guide Through the Northern and Eastern States and Canada . . ., New
York, 1844. [FTA #2827].
Mr. and Mrs. James Drew, "Journal, 14 July 1845- ,"
Ticonderoga on pp. 172-181. Manuscript collection of the New-York Historical
Society. [Partial transcript in FTA research files.]
1845 A Rambler, "Old Ti--Lake George--Champlain--Old
Times, Etc.," New York Daily Tribune, 26 July 1845, p. 1, col. 3.
Copy in Fort Ticonderoga research files.
1845 Alexander Graham Dunlop, The New World Journal of
Alexander Graham Dunlop, 1845, edited by David Sinclair and Germaine
Warkentin, Toronto, Dundurn Press, 1976, pp. 70-71. Passes by Ticonderoga and
Lake George on 11 June 1845 with regret and without comment. [FTA research
files.]
1845 Zadock Thompson, Guide to Lake George, Lake
Champlain, Montreal and Quebec, with Maps, and Tables of Routes and Distances
from Albany, Burlington, Montreal, etc., Burlington, Vermont, Chauncey
Goodrich, 1845. First edition. [FTA #2739].
1846 Harriet Hutchinson [Salisbury] to Lucius Salisbury,
28 July 1846. Allen F. Davis, "The Girl He Left Behind: The Letters of
Harriet Hutchinson Salisbury," Vermont History, vol. 33 (1965), pp.
280-281. Reflections on the significance of Fort Ticonderoga as the Mexican War
begins. [FTA]. Manuscript letters are in the Western Historical Manuscript
Collection, University of Missouri, Columbia.
1848 Benson J. Lossing, "A Visit to Ticonderoga in
1848," The Bulletin of the Fort Ticonderoga Museum, vol. I no. 5
(January 1929), pp. 22-30. Visit to Ticonderoga in late July 1848; includes
dinner at the Pavilion. Pencil sketches in the Lossing Papers, the Huntington
Library, San Marino, California.
ca. 1848-52 John Frederick Kensett (1816-1872), Ruins
of Fort Ticonderoga; graphite on paper, 4-1/2 x 6-1/2 inches. Collection of
the Adirondack Museum.. Brucia Wittholt, "Drawings in the Adirondack
Museum, The Magazine Antiques, vol. CLVIII no. 1 (July 2000), p. 95.
Cyrus Morton, Middlebury, Vermont to sister Phoebe and Peter
Vaughn, Middleborough, Massachusetts, 26 April 1849. Ms in the Fort Ticonderoga
collection.
1850 Mrs. John S. Van Winkle, manuscript travel diary,
1850, including visit to Fort Ticonderoga and The Pavilion. [ FTA ms
collection]. Guided by a "Revolutionary War veteran, visited the ovens,
"brought away with us a piece of an old door sill," enjoyed Pavilion
Hotel and luncheon of whortleberries and cream.
1851 J. Kirk, (engraved: Wellstood and Kirk), "Scene
on Lake Champlain with the Ruins of Fort Ticonderoga," Ladies Repository,
vol. 11 (June 1851), opp. p. 201. 4-1/4" h. x 6-5/8" w.
1853 T. Addison Richards, "Lake George," Harper’s
New Monthly Magazine, vol. VII no. 38 (June 1853), pp. 161-170. Fort
Ticonderoga is illustrated and discussed on p. 170. Hotel and grounds also
described.
1853 Henry Marvin, A Complete History of Lake George,
New York, Sibells & Maigne Printers, 1853, p. 90.
1855 Amelia Murray [1795-1884], Letters from the
United States, Cuba and Canada, New York, G.P. Putnam, 1856, pp. 375-378.
Grand-daughter of Lt. Col. Francis Grant, Highland Regiment. At Ticonderoga in
September 1855. Sketches French Lines and ruins of the Fort from "a
window" at The Pavilion. [sketches not with book]. [FTA #2808 and
research files].
1856 Die Vernon, "The Editor’s Table," The
Knickerbocker, vol. xlviii (July 1856), pp.81-88. p. 82: "The food is
bad, the cooking worse, the rooms are small, the beds large . . . ." [FTA
research files].
1856 Isabella Lucy Bishop, The Englishwomen in America,
London, J. Murray, 1856, pp. 134-135. On "chawing up ruins" and
protecting them. [FTA research files.]
1858 Flavius Josephus Cook, Home Sketches of Essex
County: Ticonderoga, Keeseville, W. Lansing & Son, 1858. Section XLIII:
Present State of the Ruins, pp. 116-122. [FTA].
1859 Handbook Descriptive of the Route to Ogdensburgh,
Montreal, Quebec, White Mountains, Ticonderoga, Saratoga Springs & Boston,
Buffalo, 1859. 8 pp. Fold map. Not in OCLC. Offered by Bookworm and Silverfish,
9/99, for $115.
c. 1860-70 Sir Daniel Wilson (1816-1892); 185
watercolors, 1855-1886; National Archives of Canada see, for example, "Fort
Ticonderoga," n.d., [NAC / C-107041] in O’Rourke, p. 9. Wilson’s
journals were destroyed by his daughter; his authorized biographer included
material from the journals in H.H. Langton, Sir Daniel Wilson, London,
Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1929. See Kate O’Rourke, "From the Collections.
The Portfolio: A Treasure Trove Uncovered---Watercolours by Sir Daniel
Wilson," The Archivist, no. 111 1996, pp. 4-12. [FTA]. The
watercolors were exhibited at the Royal Scottish Museum in 1993.
1862 Thomas Edgeworth Courteney to [12-year-old] "My
Dear Son [Austin], 4 October 1862, from Montréal. [Typescript in FTA research
files]. Detailed description of historical background and souvenir collecting.
1863 Sanford Gifford, Sketchbook / Journal for 17
September 1863, ms Sketchbook #6, Albany Institute of History and Art.
1863 Thomas Lochlan Smith (b. Scotland; 1835-1884), Ticonderoga
in Winter, oil on canvas, 12-1/4" x 20-1/4" (31 x 51.3 cm.).
Vassar College Art Museum; cat. no. 864.1.69.
1863 Edwin Whitefield, watercolor sketch of Fort
Ticonderoga; ms. diary concerning Lake Champlain tour is in Boston Public
Library.
1866 Thomas Nelson, Nelson’s Guide to Lake George
and Lake Champlain, London, T. Nelson & Sons, 1866.
1866 "Visit to Fort Ticonderoga," in The
Bulletin of the Fort Ticonderoga Museum, vol. IX no. 5 (summer 1954), pp.
299-303. (Reprinted from Journal of Commerce as "Watering Place
Letters," July 30, 1866.)
1868 Fort Ticonderoga Hotel. / R. C. Jenkins,
Proprietor. / Open for Reception of Guests June 8, 1868. Broadside. [FTA
1998.037.002].
Dr. J. Percival Hunt, My First Trip to the New World,
Dublin, W.B. Kelly, pp. 128-141. [FTA #2805]. Describes after-season visit to
Pavilion and the Fort, and a superb meal at The Pavilion, p. 140.
Henry James, "From Lake George to Burlington," The
Nation, 1 September 1870. Reprinted in Vermont History, vol. 23 no. 4
(October 1955), pp. 346-348. [FTA].
1870 Plattsburgh Sentinel, vol. 16 no. 18 (14
October 1870), p. 1. Detailed description of tours to the Fort provided by
Baldwin. (Stereo view of William G. Baldwin on the Pavilion steamboat dock in
FTA collections. Photo of the Baldwin stages, 1874, at the Fort in Patches
and Patterns, p.177.) [FTA research files.]
1871 Theodore Roosevelt, 4 August 1871, Diaries of
Boyhood and Youth, New York, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1928, p. 244.
"On the way to Lake Champlain [from Lake George] we passed Fort Ticonderoga
which Ethan Allen so gallantly took and which is now a mere ruin. At the hotel
we got a piece of shell from there. Going up Lake Champlain Mother and her maid
were seasick . . ." TR was 2 years old at the time.
1872 Artist Martin Johnson Heade was at Ticonderoga in
July 1872. Cf. Bennett Schiff, "Martin Johnson Heade: An American
Original," Smithsonian, January 2000, pp. 62-71.
1872 "The Heart of the Adirondacks," The
Aldine, vol. 5 (October 1872), pp. 195-196. Journey by wagon from
Fort Ticonderoga to the north end of Schroon Lake.
1873 John Henry Hill, ms. journal, Artist’s Retreat,
Lake George, [Adirondack Museum collection]. See entries for 9 September 1871,
16 September 1873, 28 November 1873. Typed transcript in Fort Ticonderoga
research collections. See also Nancy Finlay, "Hermit of Phantom
Island," The Call of the Wild: Adirondack Prints and Printmakers, p.
122.
1873 Seneca Ray Stoddard, Lake George; (Illustrated) A
Book of To-day, Albany, Weed, Parsons & Co., 1873, p. 122. "Fort
Ticonderoga Hotel" situated at the ruins; run by J.B. Wicker; specialty:
dinners.
1873 Seneca Ray Stoddard, Ticonderoga: Past and
Present "Mixed," Albany, Weed, Parsons & Co., 1873, pp. 50-65.
1874 Seneca Ray Stoddard, The Adirondacks:
Illustrated, Albany, Weed, Parsons, & Co., 1874, pp. 15-19.
1875 "Ticonderoga / Interesting Reminiscences of the
Revolutionary Period. / . . . Programme of the Coming Festivities," New
York Herald, 8 May 1875, p. 3. [FTA]. Anticipates the Ethan Allen
centennial. Discusses Isaac Rice and bakery "bombproof."
1875 Harper’s Weekly, 22 May 1875. Article on
centennial with illustration of the ruins of the Fort, pp. 417-418. "It is
to be deplored that so little remains of the old structure. . . . the walls have
crumbled almost entirely away, and but few years will pass before scarcely a
trace of them will be left."
1876 Gamaliel W. Beaman: six pencil sketches of the ruins
of the Fort in the collection of the Ticonderoga Historical Society (THS P76.69
Box 1). Ovens; Mouth of ovens; Fort from fort Independence; south wing from
ovens; fort tie looking southeast; ruins from the oven.
1878 Dean A.P. Stanley, "Inverawe and
Ticonderoga," Fraser’s Magazine, October 1880, pp. 501-510. Visits
Ticonderoga a year after hearing the story for the first time.
1882 "Au Sable Chasm, Ticonderoga, and Howe’s
Cave," The Canadian Methodist Magazine, vol. 16 no. 1 (July 1882),
pp. 15-25. [Copy in Fort Ticonderoga research files.]
1884 Gilligan & Stevens, props.; Ticonderoga bird’s-eye
view, 1884. Ticonderoga Historical Society.
1885 Kate E. Stanley, The Stone’s Story, 1609-1885,
Ticonderoga, R.R. Stevenson, 1885. [FTA #P-2086].
1885 Frederic G. Mather, "Summer Days Along
Champlain," Outing (Boston), vol. VI no. 5 (August 1885), pp.
524-530.
1890 William H.H. Murray, Lake Champlain and Its
Shores, Boston, DeWolfe, Fiske & Co., 1890.
1891 "Pavilion Hotel, S.H. Brand, prop."
Ticonderoga bird’s-eye view, 1891. Ticonderoga Historical Society.
ca. 1890 "Fort Ticonderoga Hotel at Fort
Ticonderoga, N.Y." "Dinners for Excursion Parties. S.H. Brand,
Proprietor." Advertising handbill in uncat. 19th-century Pell
Estate Papers. Brand managed the hotel from 1889-1894. [FTA].
1892 Dr. David S. Kellogg, A Doctor at All Hours,
Allan S. Everest, ed., Brattleboro, Vermont, Stephen Greene Press, 1970. FTA.
Surface collecting at Fort Ticonderoga is found on pp. 14, 95, 104, 126, 139,
149, 154, 197. Kellogg reports (p. 95) "On a board nailed onto quite a high
post is the following notice: ‘These Ruins Are Private Property and Visitors
are Earnestly Requested Not to deface or damage them in order that they may be
preserved.’ ---Estate of Mary Pell."
c. 1894-98 Fort Ticonderoga and the "Old Fort
Hotel", W.C. Callanan, Prop.; n.d. Found in Howland Pell’s Estate
Account Book; another copy is in Scrapbook, vol. I, p. 16. [FTA].
"Accommodations for 100 guests." "The Cuisine" included
"all kinds of fresh vegetables, from a large farm of twenty acres operated
by the hotel management. Fresh fish from the lake will be a delightful
feature."
1895 Augusta Brown, "Off on a Canal Boat," in
Russell P. Bellico, ed., Chronicles of Lake Champlain: Journeys in War and
Peace, Fleischmanns, Purple Mountain Press, 1999, pp. 373-399. Sketches on
p. 393 show the steamboat dock in its last days. Augusta Brown’s ms. journal
is in the New York State Museum. See also a contemporary newspaper account,
"Off on a Canal Boat: A Cruise on the Bertha Bullis to Canada."
1896 Howard Pyle, "Through Inland Waters," Harper’s
New Monthly Magazine, May and June 1896. For Fort Ticonderoga, see June, p.
74: "One has only to scratch the soil upon which he stands to turn up
bullets and grape-shot embedded . . . in the peaceful bosom of mother
Earth--mementoes of those bitter days." See also Géné E. Harris, ed., History
and Romance: Works by Howard Pyle from the Brokaw Family Collection, Chadds
Ford, Penna., Brandywine River Museum, 1998; cat. nos. 23, 25, 26, 28, 30, 31,
32 for seven surviving illustrations from this journey.
1897 Frederic Remington, "Joshua Goodenough’s Old
Letter," Harper’s Monthly Magazine, vol. XCV (November 1897), pp.
878-889. Reprinted as Remington, Goodenough of the Rangers, Nicholas
Westbrook, ed., Ticonderoga, Fort Ticonderoga Museum, 1997. Remington visited
the ruins of Fort Ticonderoga in April 1896.
1897 Winefred, Lady Howard of Glossop, Journal of a
Tour in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, London, S. Low, Marston,
1897, p. 6. Passes the picturesque ruins of Fort Ticonderoga. [FTA research
file.]
1899 "Lunch Time, Fort Ticonderoga, July 19,
1899," [pencil sketch]. Location of the original unknown (12/94). Creeko
Creations, Johnson Creek, Wisconsin 53038. Sketch #21480.
c.1898 Ernest Peixotto, A Revolutionary Pilgrimage,
New York, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1917, pp. 51-65+. [FTA]. pp. 57-58 describe
a grim eight-day stay at the Pavilion hotel run by a "shiftless
proprietor."
Jacob Bitely, "Capture of Fort Ticonderoga," in Asa
Fitch Papers, p. 4-5 in typescript.
Artifacts
Needlework view of Fort Ticonderoga by Sarah van Vechten,
1801. [FTA].
Staffordshire basket with Thomas Cole’s Ruinsof Fort
Ticonderoga, New York, 1831. Gift of Robert J. Killie, 1978. [FTA #6.81]
"Pavilion House, Fort Ticonderoga," adv. by B.B.
Brown in Keeseville Old Settler, 2 August 1856. [FTA P-1929].
"Fort Ticonderoga Hotel [adv. card with illustration],
Gilligan & Stevens, Props.," n.d., Scrapbook, vol. 8, p. 4. [FTA].
brochure for "Old Fort Hotel," n.d. [c. 1894-96],
"accommodations for 100 guests." Scrapbook, vol. I, p. 16. [FTA].
